AP Human Geography

Module 01 - Thinking Geographically

• Types of maps

• Methods of geographic data collection

• Geographical effects of decisions made using geographical information

• Major geographic concepts that illustrate spatial relationships

• Scales of analysis 

• Regions

• Human-Environmental Interaction

Module 02 - Population and Migration Patterns and Processes

• Factors that influence the distribution of human populations at different scales

• Calculating population density

• Population distribution and density’s affect society and the environment.

• Elements of population composition used by geographers

• Contemporary and historical trends in population growth and decline

• Causes and consequences of an aging population

• Theories of population growth and decline

• Population and immigration policies 

• Factors encouraging migration

• Forced and voluntary migration

• Historical and contemporary geographic effects of migration

Module 03 - Cultural Patterns and Processes

• Characteristics, attitudes, and traits of culture 

• Characteristics of cultural landscapes.

• How landscape features and land and resource use reflect cultural beliefs and identities

• Patterns and landscapes of language, religion, ethnicity, and gender

• Types of diffusion

• Effects of diffusion on the cultural landscape 

• How historical processes impact current cultural patterns

• Factors leading to diffusion of universalizing and ethnic religions

Module 04 - Political Patterns and Processes

• Different types of political entities

• Processes that have shaped contemporary political geography

• Political power and territoriality 

• Political boundaries 

• Nature and function of international and internal boundaries

• Federal and unitary states

• Factors that lead to the devolution of states

• Political, economic, cultural, and technological challenges to state sovereignty

• Centrifugal and centripetal forces 

Segment Two

Module 05 - Agricultural and Rural Land-Use Patterns and Processes

• Connection between physical geography and agricultural practices

• Rural settlement patterns 

• Methods of surveying rural settlements

• Major centers of domestication of plants.

• Global diffusion of plants and animals 

• Advances and impacts of the second agricultural revolution

• Consequences of the Green Revolution on food supply and the environment in the developing world

• Economic forces influencing agricultural practices

• von Thünen model 

• Interdependence among regions of agricultural production and consumption

• Environmental and societal consequences of agricultural practices

• Challenges and debates related to the changing nature of contemporary agriculture and food-production practices

• Geographic variations in female roles in food production and consumption

Module 06 - Cities and Urban Land Use Patterns and Processes

• Processes that initiate and drive urbanization and suburbanization

• How cities embody processes of globalization

• Urban concepts such as hierarchy, interdependence, relative size, and spacing 

• Internal structure of cities using various models and theories

• Low-, medium-, and high-density housing 

• A city\'s infrastructure as it relates to local politics, society, and the environment

• Urban design initiatives and practices

• Causes and effects of geographic changes within urban areas

• Urban sustainability challenges

Module 07 - Industrial and Economic Development Patterns and Processes

• How the Industrial Revolution facilitated the growth and diffusion of industrialization

• Spatial patterns of industrial production and development

• Social and economic measures of development

• Extent that changes in economic development have contributed to gender parity

• Theories of economic and social development

• Causes and geographic consequences of trade, deindustrialization, and growing interdependence in the world economy

• Sustainability principles in relation to industrialization and spatial development