AP Calculus BC

Študenti Strednej Školy

AP Calculus BC includes all topics in AP Calculus AB, as well as additional topics, such as differential and integral calculus (including parametric, polar, and vector functions) and series. It is equivalent to at least one year of calculus at most colleges and universities. AP Calculus BC is an extension of AP Calculus AB, and each course is challenging and demanding and requires a similar depth of understanding of topics.

AP Calculus AB and AP Calculus BC focus on students’ understanding of calculus concepts and provide experience with methods and applications. Through the use of big ideas of calculus (e.g., modeling change, approximation and limits, and analysis of functions), each course becomes a cohesive whole, rather than a collection of unrelated topics. Both courses require students to use definitions and theorems to build arguments and justify conclusions. The courses feature a multi-representational approach to calculus, with concepts, results, and problems expressed graphically, numerically, analytically, and verbally. Exploring connections among these representations builds understanding of how calculus applies limits to develop important ideas, definitions, formulas, and theorems. A sustained emphasis on clear communication of methods, reasoning, justifications, and conclusions is essential. Teachers and students should regularly use technology to reinforce relationships among functions, to confirm written work, to implement experimentation, and to
assist in interpreting results.

AP Calculus BC is designed to be the equivalent to both first and second semester college calculus courses. AP Calculus BC applies the content and skills learned in AP Calculus AB to parametrically defined curves, polar curves, and vector-valued functions; develops additional integration techniques and applications; and introduces the topics of sequences and series.

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Typ vzdelávania
Kurz
Autor
CTM

Popis

Study Scope and Sequence

Segment One

Module 01 - Limits and Continuity

  • Using Limits to Analyze Instantaneous Change

  • Estimating Limit Values from Graphs and Tables

  • Determining Limits Using Algebraic Properties and Manipulation

  • Selecting Procedures for Determining Limits

  • Squeeze Theorem and Representations of Limits

  • Determining Continuity and Exploring Discontinuity

  • Connecting Limits, Infinity, and Asymptotes

  • The Intermediate Value Theorem (IVT)

Module 02 - Differentiation: Definition and Fundamental Properties

  • Average and Instantaneous Rates of Change and the Derivative Definition

  • Determining Differentiability and Estimating Derivatives

  • Derivative Rules: Constant, Sum, Difference, Constant Multiple, and Power

  • The Product Rule and the Quotient Rule

  • Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions

  • Derivatives of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions

Module 03 - Differentiation: Composite, Implicit, and Inverse Functions

  • The Chain Rule

  • Implicit Differentiation

  • Differentiating Inverse Functions

  • Differentiating Inverse Trigonometric Functions

  • Selecting Procedures for Calculating Derivatives

  • Calculating Higher-Order Derivatives

Module 04 - Contextual Applications of Differentiation

  • Interpreting and Applying the Derivative in Motion

  • Rates of Change in Applied Contexts Other Than Motion

  • Related Rates

  • Approximating Values of a Function Using Local Linearity and Linearization

  • L\'Hospital\'s Rule

Module 05 - Analytical Applications of Differentiation

  • Mean Value and Extreme Value Theorems

  • Determining Function Behavior and the First Derivative Test

  • Using the Candidates Test to Determine Absolute Extrema

  • Determining Concavity of Functions and the Second Derivative Test

  • Connecting Graphs of Functions and Their Derivatives

  • Optimization Problems

  • Exploring Behaviors of Implicit Relations

Segment Two

Module 06 - Integration and Accumulation of Change

  • Exploring Accumulations of Change

  • Riemann Sums and the Definite Integral

  • Accumulation Functions Involving Area and the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus

  • Applying Properties of Definite Integrals

  • Finding Antiderivatives and Indefinite Integrals

  • Integrating Using Substitution

  • Integrating Using Integration by Parts

  • Integrating Using Linear Partial Fractions

  • Evaluating Improper Integrals

  • Integrating Functions Using Long Division and Completing the Square

  • Selecting Techniques for Antidifferentiation

Module 07 - Differential Equations

  • Solutions of Differential Equations

  • Sketching and Reasoning Using Slope Fields

  • Approximating Solutions Using Euler\'s Method

  • Finding Solutions Using Separation of Variables

  • Exponential Models with Differential Equations

  • Logistic Models with Differential Equations

Module 08 - Applications of Integration

  • Average Value and Connecting Position, Velocity, and Acceleration Using Integrals

  • Using Accumulation Functions and Definite Integrals in Applied Contexts

  • Finding the Area Between Curves

  • Finding the Area Between Curves That Intersect at More Than Two Points

  • Volumes with Discs

  • Volumes with Washers

  • Volumes with Cross Sections

  • The Arc Length of a Smooth, Planar Curve and Distance Traveled

Module 09 - Parametric, Polar, and Vector-Valued Equations

  • Differentiating Parametric Equations and Finding Arc Length

  • Differentiating and Integrating Vector-Valued Functions

  • Solving Motion Problems Using Parametric and Vector-Valued Functions

  • Defining Polar Coordinates and Differentiating in Polar Form

  • Finding Area Bounded by Polar Curves

Module 10 - Infinite Sequences and Series

  • Convergent and Divergent Infinite Series and Geometric Series

  • Integral Test for Convergence, Harmonic Series, and p-Series

  • Comparison Tests for Convergence

  • Additional Tests to Determine Convergence

  • Alternating Series and Their Error Bound

  • Taylor Polynomial Approximations of Functions and Evaluating Error

  • Radius and Interval of Convergence of Power Series

  • Finding Taylor or Maclaurin Series for a Function

  • Representing Functions as Power Series

O autorovi

CTM

Centrum pro talentovanou mládež umožňuje žákům a studentům od pěti let až po maturitu rozvíjet se výrazně nad rámec školních osnov v tématech, která je baví, formou dlouhodobých akademických programů, převážně v anglickém jazyce uzpůsobených jejich věku, zájmu a úrovni angličtiny. Studentům se díky programu CTM Online a mezinárodně uznávaným Advanced Placement (AP) zkouškám otevírá příležitost získat finančně dostupné mezinárodní vzdělání již na střední škole. Standardizované AP zkoušky, které v  České republice realizuje ve spolupráci s College Board právě CTM, jsou vysokými školami v ČR i zahraničí považovány jako velké + a studenti za ně získávají dodatečné body v přijímacím řízení nebo jim je dokonce prominuta přijímací zkouška zcela. Od roku 2022 mohou střední školy uznávat AP zkoušky v rámci maturit, podobně jako je to u uznávání certifikátů z cizích jazyků. Programem už prošlo přes 9 000 studentů a jsme hrdí na to, jaké příležitosti jim to přineslo.

CTM se významně zasadilo o to, aby AP zkoušky mohly být v České republice uznávány jako součást maturity a přijímacích zkoušek na vysoké školy.

CTM tak pomáhá měnit české školství zevnitř – krok za krokem, příběh za příběhem.